Pb

Electrons

82

Protons

82

Neutrons

125

Description

Lead is known since ancient times and was widely used then. This often caused big sanitary problems, because its compounds are quite toxic. 208Pb is the last stable isotope in the periodic table and the end of the Thorium decay chain. Therefore lead is quite abundant for an element with such a high number.

General Properties

Atomic Properties

Electron Shell Configuration

K2 L8 M18 N32 O18 P4

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s1 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2

Atomic Radius

154

Pm (10-12m)
Covalent Radius

146

Pm (10-12m)
Van Der Walls Radius

202

Pm (10-12m)

Atomic Structure

Crystall Structure

Face-Centered Cubic

Lattice Angles
90°
90°
90°
Lattice Constant (Pm)
495.08
495.08
495.08

Thermodynamic Properties

Boiling Point

1749

Melting Point

327.46

Phase

Solid

Fusion Heat

4.77

kJmol-1
Specific Heat

127

JKg-1K-1
Thermal Expansion

2.89×10-5

K-1

Material Property

Color

Slate Gray

Molar Volume

1.827×10-5

m3/mol
Bulk Modulus

46

Brinnel Hardness

38.3

Density

11340

Liquid Density

10660

Young Modulus

16

Shear Hardness

5.6

Sound Speed

1260

ms-1

Electromagnetic property

Neuclear Properties

Known Isotopes

178Pb

179Pb

180Pb

181Pb

182Pb

183Pb

184Pb

185Pb

186Pb

187Pb

188Pb

189Pb

190Pb

191Pb

192Pb

193Pb

194Pb

195Pb

196Pb

197Pb

198Pb

199Pb

200Pb

201Pb

202Pb

203Pb

204Pb

205Pb

206Pb

207Pb

208Pb

209Pb

210Pb

211Pb

212Pb

213Pb

214Pb

215Pb

Stable Isotopes

204Pb

206Pb

207Pb

208Pb

Health & Safety

Prevalence

Sun

9.9×10-7%

Ocean

3×10-9%

Human

0.00017%

Meteorites

0.00014%