Holmium

Erbium (Er)

Thulium

Er

Electrons

68

Protons

68

Neutrons

99

Description

Erbium is used for amplifiers in optical fibres and therefore is very important for the internet and the transcontinental data transfer. Erbium oxide can double the intensity of optical light under certain conditions and so allows the signal to travel long distances without fading. This is a good example of how a neglectable and mostly unknown element can certainly become very popular for a single special qualification.

General Properties

Atomic Properties

Atomic Weight

167.259

amu
Electron Shell Configuration

K2 L8 M18 N30 O8 P2

Electron Configuration

1s2 2s1 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12

Atomic Radius

226

Pm (10-12m)
Covalent Radius

189

Pm (10-12m)

Atomic Structure

Thermodynamic Properties

Boiling Point

2868

Melting Point

1497

Phase

Solid

Fusion Heat

19.9

kJmol-1
Specific Heat

168

JKg-1K-1
Thermal Expansion

1.22×10-5

K-1
Neel Point (K)

82

Material Property

Color

Silver

Molar Volume

1.845×10-5

m3/mol
Bulk Modulus

44

Brinnel Hardness

814

Density

9066

Young Modulus

70

Vickers Hardness

589

Shear Hardness

28

Sound Speed

2830

ms-1

Electromagnetic property

Magnetic Type

Paramagnetic

Resistivity

8.6×10-7

m•Ohm
Curie Point

32

Neuclear Properties

Known Isotopes

143Er

144Er

145Er

146Er

147Er

148Er

149Er

150Er

151Er

152Er

153Er

154Er

155Er

156Er

157Er

158Er

159Er

160Er

161Er

162Er

163Er

164Er

165Er

166Er

167Er

168Er

169Er

170Er

171Er

172Er

173Er

174Er

175Er

176Er

177Er

Stable Isotopes

162Er

164Er

166Er

167Er

168Er

170Er

Prevalence

Universe

2×10-7%

Sun

10-7%

Ocean

9×10-11%

Meteorites

0.00002%